Uppdaterad 2023-11-26

UNIX

Liknande

Kända personer

Bill Joy
Brian Kernighan
Dennis Ritchie
Ken Thompson

Förkortningar

UNICS - Uniplexed Information and Computing Service

POSIX - Portable Operating System Interface for uniX

NPM - Node package manager
CRT - Cathode ray tube
MC - Midnight Commander

csh - C shell
ksh - Korn shell
sh - Bourne shell

SED - stream editor
AWK - Aho, Weinberger, and Kernighan
RC - runcom

SIP - System Integrity Protection

MOTD - Message of the day

Lista

cat /etc/shells

Citat

Write failed: Broken pipe You have mail.

Snabbkommandon för UNIX

Visa alla snabbkommandon

Tab+?Autocompletes from the cursor position.
Ctrl+aMoves the cursor to the line start (equivalent to the key Home).
Ctrl+bMoves the cursor back one character (equivalent to the key ?).
Ctrl+cSends the signal SIGINT to the current task, which aborts and closes it.
Ctrl+e(end) moves the cursor to the line end (equivalent to the key End).
Ctrl+fMoves the cursor forward one character (equivalent to the key ?).
Ctrl+hDeletes the previous character (same as backspace).
Ctrl+iEquivalent to the tab key.
Ctrl+jEquivalent to the enter key.
Ctrl+kClears the line content after the cursor and copies it into the clipboard.
Ctrl+lClears the screen content (equivalent to the command clear).
Ctrl+n(next) recalls the next command (equivalent to the key ?).
Ctrl+p(previous) recalls the prior command (equivalent to the key ?).
Ctrl+r(reverse search) recalls the last command including the specified character(s). A second Ctrl+r recalls the next anterior command that corresponds to the search
Ctrl+tTranspose the previous two characters.
Ctrl+uClears the line content before the cursor and copies it into the clipboard.
Ctrl+wClears the word before the cursor and copies it into the clipboard.
Ctrl+y(yank) adds the clipboard content from the cursor position.
Ctrl+zSends the signal SIGTSTP to the current task, which suspends it. To execute it in background one can enter bg. To bring it back from background or suspension fg ['process name or job id'] (foreground) can be issued.
Ctrl+_Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.

Variabler med beskrivningar

Visa alla variabler

$0: The filename of the current script.
$n: These variables correspond to the arguments with which a script was invoked. Here n is a positive decimal number corresponding to the position of an argument (the first argument is $1, the second argument is $2, and so on).
$#: The number of arguments supplied to a script.
$*: All the arguments are double quoted. If a script receives two arguments, $* is equivalent to $1 $2.
$@: All the arguments are individually double quoted. If a script receives two arguments, $@ is equivalent to $1 $2.
$?: The exit status of the last command executed.
$$: The process number of the current shell. For shell scripts, this is the process ID under which they are executing.
$!: The process number of the last background command.

export PATH=$PATH:.

Kommandon (och vissa förkortningar)

Visa alla kommandon

afplay
apt - Advanced Package Tool
bc
cal
cd
chmod [-R]
clear
cmp
cp
curl [-o]
date
diff
ditto
drush
du
echo
Emacs
ftp
git
help
history
ifconfig
info
ls [-a][-l]
man
mkdir
mv
mysql
nano
open
pico
ping [-c count][-i wait][-t timeout]
pwd
rm
rmdir
say [-v voice]
scp
sleep
ssh
sudo
tail
telnet
top
touch
unzip [-d]
uptime
vim
vimtutor
wc
who
who am i
whoami

Rättigheter

Visa alla rättigheter

No permissions (---)
Execute only (rare) (--x)
Write only (rare) (-w-)
Write and execute (rare) (-wx)
Read only (r--)
Read and execute (r-x)
Read and write (rw-)
Read, write, and execute (rwx)

Filer

.aliases
.bash_aliases
.bash_history
.bash_profile
.bashrc

__ __ ____ / /_ ____ ___ __ __ ____ _____/ /_ / __ \/ __ \ / __ `__ \/ / / / /_ / / ___/ __ \ / /_/ / / / / / / / / / / /_/ / / /_(__ ) / / / \____/_/ /_/ /_/ /_/ /_/\__, / /___/____/_/ /_/ /____/ Oh My Zsh Discord

Visa alias för git

egrep='grep -E --color=auto --exclude-dir={.bzr,CVS,.git,.hg,.svn,.idea,.tox}' fgrep='grep -F --color=auto --exclude-dir={.bzr,CVS,.git,.hg,.svn,.idea,.tox}' g=git ga='git add' gaa='git add --all' gam='git am' gama='git am --abort' gamc='git am --continue' gams='git am --skip' gamscp='git am --show-current-patch' gap='git apply' gapa='git add --patch' gapt='git apply --3way' gau='git add --update' gav='git add --verbose' gb='git branch' gbD='git branch -D' gba='git branch -a' gbd='git branch -d' gbda='git branch --no-color --merged | command grep -vE "^([+*]|\s*($(git_main_branch)|$(git_develop_branch))\s*$)" | command xargs git branch -d 2>/dev/null' gbl='git blame -b -w' gbnm='git branch --no-merged' gbr='git branch --remote' gbs='git bisect' gbsb='git bisect bad' gbsg='git bisect good' gbsr='git bisect reset' gbss='git bisect start' gc='git commit -v' 'gc!'='git commit -v --amend' gca='git commit -v -a' 'gca!'='git commit -v -a --amend' gcam='git commit -a -m' 'gcan!'='git commit -v -a --no-edit --amend' 'gcans!'='git commit -v -a -s --no-edit --amend' gcas='git commit -a -s' gcasm='git commit -a -s -m' gcb='git checkout -b' gcd='git checkout $(git_develop_branch)' gcf='git config --list' gcl='git clone --recurse-submodules' gclean='git clean -id' gcm='git checkout $(git_main_branch)' gcmsg='git commit -m' 'gcn!'='git commit -v --no-edit --amend' gco='git checkout' gcor='git checkout --recurse-submodules' gcount='git shortlog -sn' gcp='git cherry-pick' gcpa='git cherry-pick --abort' gcpc='git cherry-pick --continue' gcs='git commit -S' gcsm='git commit -s -m' gcss='git commit -S -s' gcssm='git commit -S -s -m' gd='git diff' gdca='git diff --cached' gdct='git describe --tags $(git rev-list --tags --max-count=1)' gdcw='git diff --cached --word-diff' gds='git diff --staged' gdt='git diff-tree --no-commit-id --name-only -r' gdup='git diff @{upstream}' gdw='git diff --word-diff' gf='git fetch' gfa='git fetch --all --prune --jobs=10' gfg='git ls-files | grep' gfo='git fetch origin' gg='git gui citool' gga='git gui citool --amend' ggpull='git pull origin "$(git_current_branch)"' ggpush='git push origin "$(git_current_branch)"' ggsup='git branch --set-upstream-to=origin/$(git_current_branch)' ghh='git help' gignore='git update-index --assume-unchanged' gignored='git ls-files -v | grep "^[[:lower:]]"' git-svn-dcommit-push='git svn dcommit && git push github $(git_main_branch):svntrunk' gk='\gitk --all --branches &!' gke='\gitk --all $(git log -g --pretty=%h) &!' gl='git pull' glg='git log --stat' glgg='git log --graph' glgga='git log --graph --decorate --all' glgm='git log --graph --max-count=10' glgp='git log --stat -p' glo='git log --oneline --decorate' glod='git log --graph --pretty='\''%Cred%h%Creset -%C(auto)%d%Creset %s %Cgreen(%ad) %C(bold blue)<%an>%Creset'\' glods='git log --graph --pretty='\''%Cred%h%Creset -%C(auto)%d%Creset %s %Cgreen(%ad) %C(bold blue)<%an>%Creset'\'' --date=short' glog='git log --oneline --decorate --graph' gloga='git log --oneline --decorate --graph --all' glol='git log --graph --pretty='\''%Cred%h%Creset -%C(auto)%d%Creset %s %Cgreen(%ar) %C(bold blue)<%an>%Creset'\' glola='git log --graph --pretty='\''%Cred%h%Creset -%C(auto)%d%Creset %s %Cgreen(%ar) %C(bold blue)<%an>%Creset'\'' --all' glols='git log --graph --pretty='\''%Cred%h%Creset -%C(auto)%d%Creset %s %Cgreen(%ar) %C(bold blue)<%an>%Creset'\'' --stat' glp=_git_log_prettily gluc='git pull upstream $(git_current_branch)' glum='git pull upstream $(git_main_branch)' gm='git merge' gma='git merge --abort' gmom='git merge origin/$(git_main_branch)' gmtl='git mergetool --no-prompt' gmtlvim='git mergetool --no-prompt --tool=vimdiff' gmum='git merge upstream/$(git_main_branch)' gp='git push' gpd='git push --dry-run' gpf='git push --force-with-lease' 'gpf!'='git push --force' gpoat='git push origin --all && git push origin --tags' gpr='git pull --rebase' gpristine='git reset --hard && git clean -dffx' gpsup='git push --set-upstream origin $(git_current_branch)' gpu='git push upstream' gpv='git push -v' gr='git remote' gra='git remote add' grb='git rebase' grba='git rebase --abort' grbc='git rebase --continue' grbd='git rebase $(git_develop_branch)' grbi='git rebase -i' grbm='git rebase $(git_main_branch)' grbo='git rebase --onto' grbom='git rebase origin/$(git_main_branch)' grbs='git rebase --skip' grep='grep --color=auto --exclude-dir={.bzr,CVS,.git,.hg,.svn,.idea,.tox}' grev='git revert' grh='git reset' grhh='git reset --hard' grm='git rm' grmc='git rm --cached' grmv='git remote rename' groh='git reset origin/$(git_current_branch) --hard' grrm='git remote remove' grs='git restore' grset='git remote set-url' grss='git restore --source' grst='git restore --staged' grt='cd "$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel || echo .)"' gru='git reset --' grup='git remote update' grv='git remote -v' gsb='git status -sb' gsd='git svn dcommit' gsh='git show' gsi='git submodule init' gsps='git show --pretty=short --show-signature' gsr='git svn rebase' gss='git status -s' gst='git status' gsta='git stash push' gstaa='git stash apply' gstall='git stash --all' gstc='git stash clear' gstd='git stash drop' gstl='git stash list' gstp='git stash pop' gsts='git stash show --text' gsu='git submodule update' gsw='git switch' gswc='git switch -c' gswd='git switch $(git_develop_branch)' gswm='git switch $(git_main_branch)' gtl='gtl(){ git tag --sort=-v:refname -n -l "${1}*" }; noglob gtl' gts='git tag -s' gtv='git tag | sort -V' gunignore='git update-index --no-assume-unchanged' gunwip='git log -n 1 | grep -q -c "\-\-wip\-\-" && git reset HEAD~1' gup='git pull --rebase' gupa='git pull --rebase --autostash' gupav='git pull --rebase --autostash -v' gupom='git pull --rebase origin $(git_main_branch)' gupomi='git pull --rebase=interactive origin $(git_main_branch)' gupv='git pull --rebase -v' gwch='git whatchanged -p --abbrev-commit --pretty=medium' gwip='git add -A; git rm $(git ls-files --deleted) 2> /dev/null; git commit --no-verify --no-gpg-sign -m "--wip-- [skip ci]"'

Visa version av Oh My Zsh

zsh --version zsh 5.8.1 (x86_64-apple-darwin21.0) Cathode

Program

Program

Shebang

#!/bin/sh

Funktion

Hello () {
	echo "Hello World"
}

Kommentarer

# En kommentar

Öppna nuvarande mapp

open .

Upplösning för .png

file *

Skapa symlänk

ln -s /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/ htdocs

Byt lösenord

passwd [username] Changing local password for [username] New Password: Retype New Password:

Tid

date +"%H:%M:%S"

Tid i millisekunder

date +%s

Tid för användare

time

Visa vad slutet av en fil innehåller samtidigt som den kan uppdateras (kan användas för att visa nya felmeddelanden)

tail -f fil

Öppna en fil med ett program

open -a Program "fil"

Flytta dolda filer

mv .* ../

Avsluta ett program

killall program

Information om en fil

stat file

Rättigheter för en fil

stat -f '%A' file

Manual

man command

Hjälp

help

Visa all hjälp

GNU bash, version 3.2.57(1)-release (arm64-apple-darwin21) These shell commands are defined internally. Type `help' to see this list. Type `help name' to find out more about the function `name'. Use `info bash' to find out more about the shell in general. Use `man -k' or `info' to find out more about commands not in this list. A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled. JOB_SPEC [&] (( expression )) . filename [arguments] : [ arg... ] [[ expression ]] alias [-p] [name[=value] ... ] bg [job_spec ...] bind [-lpvsPVS] [-m keymap] [-f fi break [n] builtin [shell-builtin [arg ...]] caller [EXPR] case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]. cd [-L|-P] [dir] command [-pVv] command [arg ...] compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o continue [n] declare [-afFirtx] [-p] [name[=val dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N] disown [-h] [-ar] [jobspec ...] echo [-neE] [arg ...] enable [-pnds] [-a] [-f filename] eval [arg ...] exec [-cl] [-a name] file [redirec exit [n] export [-nf] [name[=value] ...] or false fc [-e ename] [-nlr] [first] [last fg [job_spec] for NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMMA for (( exp1; exp2; exp3 )); do COM function NAME { COMMANDS ; } or NA getopts optstring name [arg] hash [-lr] [-p pathname] [-dt] [na help [-s] [pattern ...] history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or hi if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec ...] or job kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -si let arg [arg ...] local name[=value] ... logout popd [+N | -N] [-n] printf [-v var] format [arguments] pushd [dir | +N | -N] [-n] pwd [-LP] read [-ers] [-u fd] [-t timeout] [ readonly [-af] [name[=value] ...] return [n] select NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do CO set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o opti shift [n] shopt [-pqsu] [-o long-option] opt source filename [arguments] suspend [-f] test [expr] time [-p] PIPELINE times trap [-lp] [arg signal_spec ...] true type [-afptP] name [name ...] typeset [-afFirtx] [-p] name[=valu ulimit [-SHacdfilmnpqstuvx] [limit umask [-p] [-S] [mode] unalias [-a] name [name ...] unset [-f] [-v] [name ...] until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done variables - Some variable names an wait [n] while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done { COMMANDS ; }

Läs in fil för bash

source ~/.bash_profile . ~/.bash_profile

Version operativsystem

uname -a

Versionsflagga för program

program --version

List all available commands

compgen -c

Hämta fil

wget -O file example.com/file

curl

curl

Flytta filer till server

scp . user@ip:/folder

Hämta filer från server

scp user@ip:/folder .

Sök på filnamn

find . -name filename

Sök efter ett ord

grep "Word" file.txt

Sök efter ett ord i en specifik fil

cat file.txt | grep Word

Only hidden files

ls -d .*

Sök förutom i en mapp

grep -R --exclude-dir=node_modules 'some pattern' /path/to/search

Filer i mappar

ls -l | wc -l ls -lA | wc -l

Dölj en fil eller mapp

chflags hidden /path/to/file-or-folder

Visa en dold fil eller mapp

chflags hidden /path/to/file-or-folder

Visa dolda filer som default på Mac

defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles TRUE

Extrahera `.tar.gz`

tar -zxvf file.tar.gz

Extrahera `.tar`

tar -xvf file.tar

Alias

alias

Senaste besökare

last -10

Användare

users

Grupper

groups /etc/group

Rättigheter för mappar

sudo chown -R username:group directory sudo chmod -R XXX directory

Ändra interface för användare

chsh –s /bin/bash user chsh –s /bin/sh user

Töm historik

history -c

Kör föregående kommando

!!

Personliga filer

~/.bash_profile ~/.bashrc ~/.bash_aliases

Ställ in storlek för historik

HISTFILESIZE=1000000000 HISTSIZE=1000000

Alias

alias ll="ls -la"

Felmeddelande

urls=('www.domain.com'); for i in ${urls[@]}; do http_code=$(curl -I -s $i -w %{http_code}); echo $i status: ${http_code:9:3}; done

Checking Free Disk Space

df -h df -k du

Jämför

Filer (side by side)

diff -y

Mappar

diff -arq folder1 folder2

Upplösning för PNG

file *

How can I calculate the size of a directory?

du -s directory_name

Or to get human readable output

du -sh directory_name

The -s option means that it won't list the size for each subdirectory, only the total size.

Telnet

telnet towel.blinkenlights.nl telnet mapscii.me

Exportera databas med MySQL till fil

mysqldump -u användarnamn -plösenord databas > filnamn.sql

Already have a key?

Copy your key to your clipboard with:

cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | pbcopy

Change Password over SSH

ssh -t user@server-name-here /bin/passwd

Kopiera på Mac

pbcopy

Klistra in på Mac

pbpaste

Serienummer på Mac

ioreg -c "IOPlatformExpertDevice" | awk -F '"' '/IOPlatformSerialNumber/ {print $4}'

Röst på Mac

say -v ? Word

Visa alla

Namn på röster

Agnes
Albert
Alex
Alice
Alva
Amelie
Anna
Bad News
Bahh
Bells
Boing
Bruce
Bubbles
Carmit
Cellos
Damayanti
Daniel
Deranged
Diego
Ellen
Fiona
Fred
Good News
Hysterical
Ioana
Joana
Junior
Kanya
Karen
Kathy
Kyoko
Laura
Lekha
Luciana
Mariska
Mei-Jia
Melina
Milena
Moira
Monica
Nora
Paulina
Pipe Organ
Princess
Ralph
Samantha
Sara
Satu
Sin-ji
Tarik
Tessa
Thomas
Ting-Ting
Trinoids
Veena
Vicki
Victoria
Whisper
Xander
Yelda
Yuna
Zarvox
Zosia
Zuzana

How to Disable System Integrity Protection (rootless) in Mac OS X

Status

csrutil status

Disable

csrutil disable

Enable

csrutil enable

Reboot

reboot

USB

lsusb

Replace with sed

sed -i -e 's/search\/replace/g' file

Default shell for a user

/etc/passwd

Lists all shells installed on the system

cat /etc/shells

Change its default shell

chsh

Visa alla kommandon i brew

Example usage: brew search TEXT|/REGEX/ brew info [FORMULA|CASK...] brew install FORMULA|CASK... brew update brew upgrade [FORMULA|CASK...] brew uninstall FORMULA|CASK... brew list [FORMULA|CASK...] Troubleshooting: brew config brew doctor brew install --verbose --debug FORMULA|CASK Contributing: brew create URL [--no-fetch] brew edit [FORMULA|CASK...] Further help: brew commands brew help [COMMAND] man brew https://docs.brew.sh